The transfer of data from one place to another place in the form of digital signals and this data is broken into small data segment before being transmitted from one computer to another computer. These small data segments are called packets. Each packets contains the information about its source and destination (sender's and receiver's information). A normal packets size between 1000 to 1500 bytes. The packets send to its destination using best possible path and this makes a network more efficient.
The data transmission protocols perform the data sequencing, data routing , flow control and error controls functions for the efficient and error free transmission of data. A protocol set the long message size into suitable packets size for error free communication and find the most suitable path between the sender and receiver before sending. At the end function of protocol to detect and recover errors for successful data communication between both ends.
Normally a packets are divided into three main parts:
Payload: It is the part of the packet that contains the body of data or actual part of data.
Trailer: It contain the information for receiving derives about data checking, in other words it is used to check the errors in packet at destination.
Header: It contains the information about type of data, the sender and receiver of data, and the actual sequence of data so that at destination multiple packets can be assembled in proper order.
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